ABSTRACT Objective: this research objective was to develop a new peritoneal adhesion animal model that would lead to adhesions formation in all operated animals, simple and reproducible, associated with maintenance the animal’s health. Methods: eighteen adult male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly distributed into three groups: Control Group (anatomical and clinical parameters), Sham Group (delicate manipulation of the stomach and exposure of the peritoneal cavity to ambient air) and Surgery Group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy). The animals were analyzed and classificated macroscopically according to two adhesion classification models and differences between groups were considered significant when p<0.05. Results: the six animals in the control group had no peritoneal adhesions, three of the six animals in the sham group had focal peritoneal adhesions, and all animals in the surgery group (gastrotomy followed by gastrorraphy) had firm peritoneal adhesions. All adhesions found were macroscopically quantified and microscopically confirmed, without carrying out a microscopic classification of the adhesions. Conclusion: the new model developed of gastrotomy followed by gastrorrhaphy, proved to be safe and efficient to induce and study peritoneal adhesions.

RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi criar um novo modelo animal de indução de aderências peritoneais capaz de levar à formação de aderências em todos os animais operados, simples e reprodutível, associado a manutenção da saúde dos animais. Métodos: Dezoito ratos machos, adultos, da linhagem Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em três grupos: Grupo Controle (parâmetro anatômico e clínico), Grupo Sham (manipulação delicada do estômago e exposição de cavidade peritoneal ao ar ambiente) e Grupo Cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia). Os animais foram submetidos à análise e classificação macroscópicas, seguindo dois modelos de classificação de aderências. As diferenças entre os grupos foram consideradas estatisticamente significantes se p<0,05. Resultados: os seis animais do grupo controle não apresentavam aderências peritoneais, três dos seis animais do grupo sham apresentavam aderências peritoneais focais e todos os seis animais do grupo cirurgia (gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia) apresentavam aderências peritoneais firmes. Todas as aderências encontradas foram quantificadas macroscopicamente e confirmadas microscopicamente, sem a realização de classificação microscópica das aderências. Conclusão: o novo modelo desenvolvido, de gastrotomia seguida de gastrorrafia, mostrou-se seguro e eficiente para induzir e estudar aderências peritoneais.

ABSTRACT Oubjective: To assess the implications of changing the cutoff level of TSH from 10 to 6 mIU/L. Subjects and methods: The study population was constituted by 74.123 children screened for congenital hypothyroidism by the National Screening Program in Santa Catarina, from March 2011 to February 2012. The cutoff of TSH was 6 mIU/L. If TSH between 6-10 mIU/L, the newborn was recalled for a second TSH measurement on filter paper. If TSH > 6 mIU/L in the second sample, the child was sent for medical evaluation. In children with normal topic thyroid, levothyroxine was suspended for 1 month at the age of 3 years for identification of the etiology and evaluation of the need to continue treatment. Results: Among the children screened, 435 were recalled for presenting TSH between 6 and 10 mIU/L in the first sample, 28 remained TSH > 6 mIU/L in the second sample. Among these, 11 had a final diagnosis of dyshormonogenesis, two of ectopic thyroid, two of thyroid hypoplasia and one of transient hypothyroidism. Ten children presented normal TSH levels on the first medical evaluation and two lost follow-up. Conclusion: A decrease in the TSH cutoff level from 10 to 6 mIU/L in a neonatal screening program for congenital hypothyroidism reduced the number of false-negative results, increasing the sensitivity of the test, but increased the number of false-positive results and recalls. Since a TSH cutoff level of 6 mIU/L detects thyroid function abnormalities requiring treatment, the adoption of this cutoff level is justified.

Abstract Due to the constant presence of pollutants in the water bodies and the difficulty of understanding information regarding the condition of the river sediments, the characterization of its quality becomes essential. In this way, the objective was to characterize and identify the determinants of the pollution process of the sediments of the Apodi-Mossoró river bed in the urban stretch of Mossoró-RN. Thirty samples were collected along the course of the Apodi-Mossoró River, within the urban-rural stretch of the municipality of Mossoró. The results of the analysis of the total concentration of the following heavy metals: aluminum (Al), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel And zinc (Zn). We applied the multivariate statistical methods of Hierarchical Group Analysis (AAH) and Principal Component Analysis/Factor Analysis (ACP/AF). The distribution of the concentrations of the geochemical parameters in the sediments of the Apodi-Mossoró River were strongly influenced by the characteristics of the collection sites and antropocity. The sampled points were grouped into 4 representative groups regarding the sampling characteristics, identifying possible sites with alterations caused by the anthropic action.

Resumo Em decorrência da constante presença de poluentes lançados nos corpos hídricos e da dificuldade de compreensão de informações referentes à condição dos sedimentos de rio, a caracterização de sua qualidade se torna imprescindível. Deste modo, teve-se como objetivo caracterizar e identificar os fatores determinantes sobre o processo de poluição dos sedimentos do leito do rio Apodi-Mossoró no trecho urbano de Mossoró-RN. Foram coletadas 30 amostras ao longo do curso do rio Apodi-Mossoró, dentro do trecho urbano-rural do município de Mossoró. Sendo realizadas análises da concentração total dos seguintes metais pesados: alumínio (Al), cádmio (Cd), cobre (Cu), cromo (Cr), chumbo (Pb), ferro (Fe), manganês (Mn), níquel (Ni) e zinco (Zn). Aplicou-se os métodos estatísticos multivariados de Análise de Agrupamento Hierárquico (AAH) e Análise de Componentes Principais/Análise Fatorial (ACP/AF). A distribuição das concentrações dos parâmetros geoquímicos nos sedimentos do rio Apodi-Mossoró, foram fortemente influenciados pelas características dos locais de coleta e pela antropocidade. Agrupou-se os pontos amostrados em 4 grupos representativos quanto as características de amostragem, identificando possíveis locais com alterações propiciadas pela ação antrópica.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the actual incidence of both microlithiasis and acute cholecystitis during treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone in a new rabbit model. Methods: New Zealand rabbits were treated with intravenous ceftriaxone or saline for 21 days. Ultrasound monitoring of the gallbladder was performed every seven days until the 21st day when histopathology, immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), pro-caspase-3 and CD68, liver enzyme biochemistry, and chromatography analysis of the bile and sediments were also performed. Results: All animals treated with ceftriaxone developed acute cholecystitis, confirmed by histopathology (P<0.05) and biliary microlithiasis, except one that exhibited sediment precipitation. In the group treated with ceftriaxone there was an increase in pro-caspase-3, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase concentration, PCNA expression and in the number of cells positive for anti-CD68 (P<0.05). In the ceftriaxone group, the cholesterol and lecithin concentrations increased in the bile and a high concentration of ceftriaxone was found in the microlithiasis. Conclusion: Ceftriaxone administered intravenously at therapeutic doses causes a high predisposition for lithogenic bile formation and the development of acute lithiasic cholecystitis.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate whether undergraduate students feel motivated to develop surgical skills and know their impression about the importance of having a surgical technique discipline in the curriculum of a medical school. Methods: A prospective study including three classes in a row, from the 8th period (n = 265) evaluated the knowledge acquired at the Center of Experimental Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). The importance of the discipline for medical training as a way of encouragement to arouse and deepen the interest in surgical technique was emphasized. The questions were scored from 1 to 5 (worst to best grade) . Results: Concerning the importance of the discipline for medical training, 78% and 18% of the students assigned a score 5 and 4, respectively. Regarding the stimulus to improve their surgical technical skills, 40% and 32% attributed the score 5 and 4, respectively. Conclusion: Undergraduate students from the Medical School of UFRJ effectively shared the understanding that the operative technique bases improve the formative process with significant impact, not only in the development of skills, but also to arouse vocations and stimulate new attitudes aimed to knowledge acquirement in the field of Surgery.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos médico-científicos e sanitários dos mandados judiciais para fornecimento de medicamentos impetrados ao Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba (TJ-PB) contra agentes públicos no estado da Paraíba. Teve caráter descritivo, transversal, e foi realizado no Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba. Foram analisados processos de medicamentos julgados na segunda instância entre os anos de 2009 e 2010 com decisão definitiva. Quanto às evidências científicas da eficácia e segurança, os medicamentos foram avaliados por meio de revisões sistemáticas na base de dados do Centro Cochrane do Brasil. Os grupos de medicamentos solicitados com maior frequência foram os agentes neoplásicos, seguidos de insulinas e antagonistas da angiotensina II. Os custos com medicamentos antineoplásicos representaram 76% do gasto total com demandas judiciais, representando um custo aproximado de R$ 343 mil por mês. Desses, um item não tinha registro em orgão sanitário brasileiro. Os resultados apontam para um elevado número de demandas judiciais com prevalência de solicitações de medicamentos padronizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dos quais os antineoplásicos obtêm destaque e reforçam a necessidade de revisão da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica tanto das estratégias de implantação como da premência em ampliar a relação de medicamentos disponibilizados pelo SUS.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the medical, scientific, and sanitary aspects of lawsuits for drug supply filed with the Court of Paraíba (TJ-PB) against public officials in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, which had as source the Information System of the Paraíba Court. Drug processes judged at the second instance between the years 2009 and 2010 with a final decision already made at the time of consultation were analyzed. About the scientific evidences of efficacy and safety, drugs were evaluated through systematic reviews in the Brazilian Cochrane Centre database. The groups of drugs most frequently requested were the antineoplastic agents, followed by insulin and angiotensin II antagonists. The antineoplastic agents' costs accounted for 76% of the total spent on litigation, representing an approximate cost of R$ 343,000 per month, of which an item had no record in Brazilian sanitary organ. The results pointed to a high number of lawsuits with prevalence of requests for drugs standardized by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), of which the antineoplastic agents are noteworthy and reinforce the need for revision of the National Pharmaceutical Assistance Policy, both regarding deployment strategies as the urgency to expand the list of drugs available through SUS.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os aspectos médico-científicos e sanitários dos mandados judiciais para fornecimento de medicamentos impetrados ao Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba (TJ-PB) contra agentes públicos no estado da Paraíba. Teve caráter descritivo, transversal, e foi realizado no Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba. Foram analisados processos de medicamentos julgados na segunda instância entre os anos de 2009 e 2010 com decisão definitiva. Quanto às evidências científicas da eficácia e segurança, os medicamentos foram avaliados por meio de revisões sistemáticas na base de dados do Centro Cochrane do Brasil. Os grupos de medicamentos solicitados com maior frequência foram os agentes neoplásicos, seguidos de insulinas e antagonistas da angiotensina II. Os custos com medicamentos antineoplásicos representaram 76% do gasto total com demandas judiciais, representando um custo aproximado de R$ 343 mil por mês. Desses, um item não tinha registro em orgão sanitário brasileiro. Os resultados apontam para um elevado número de demandas judiciais com prevalência de solicitações de medicamentos padronizados pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), dos quais os antineoplásicos obtêm destaque e reforçam a necessidade de revisão da Política Nacional de Assistência Farmacêutica tanto das estratégias de implantação como da premência em ampliar a relação de medicamentos disponibilizados pelo SUS.

Abstract This study aimed to describe the medical, scientific, and sanitary aspects of lawsuits for drug supply filed with the Court of Paraíba (TJ-PB) against public officials in the state of Paraíba, Brazil. It was a descriptive and cross-sectional study, which had as source the Information System of the Paraíba Court. Drug processes judged at the second instance between the years 2009 and 2010 with a final decision already made at the time of consultation were analyzed. About the scientific evidences of efficacy and safety, drugs were evaluated through systematic reviews in the Brazilian Cochrane Centre database. The groups of drugs most frequently requested were the antineoplastic agents, followed by insulin and angiotensin II antagonists. The antineoplastic agents' costs accounted for 76% of the total spent on litigation, representing an approximate cost of R$ 343,000 per month, of which an item had no record in Brazilian sanitary organ. The results pointed to a high number of lawsuits with prevalence of requests for drugs standardized by the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS), of which the antineoplastic agents are noteworthy and reinforce the need for revision of the National Pharmaceutical Assistance Policy, both regarding deployment strategies as the urgency to expand the list of drugs available through SUS.

Os autores detalham o desenvolvimento experimental de uma técnica para a reconstrução do ureter, utilizando um retalho muscular da parede abdominal, na forma tubular. O resultado preliminar indica a viabilidade desta técnica operatória.

The authors detail the experimental development of a technique for the reconstruction of the ureter using a tubular shape, muscle flap of the abdominal wall. the preliminary results indicate the feasibility of this surgical technique.

Objetivo Avaliar o Programa de Triagem Neonatal da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina (PTN-SES/SC) em relação à hiperplasia adrenal congênita (HAC) e fornecer subsídios que possibilitem seu aperfeiçoamento. Sujeitos e métodos Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 748.395 crianças triadas no período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2010, sendo analisados a cobertura do PTN-SES/SC, a prevalência da HAC, a idade na coleta da primeira amostra para 17-hidroxiprogesterona (17OHP), os níveis de 17OHP, a idade média de início de tratamento e as principais manifestações clínicas. Resultados A cobertura do PTN-SES/SC foi de 89% dos recém-nascidos vivos no Estado. Foram diagnosticados 50 casos de HAC, com incidência de 1:14.967. A média de idade na coleta da primeira amostra foi de 7,3 dias e a de 17OHP, de 152,9 ng/mL. As manifestações mais frequentes foram genitália virilizada sem gônadas palpáveis, clitoromegalia e hiperpigmentação genital. Em três meninas ocorreu erro no estabelecimento de gênero ao nascimento. A forma perdedora de sal foi encontrada em 74% dos casos. Nenhum caso de choque ou óbito foi verificado. A média de idade no início do tratamento nos perdedores de sal foi de 17,4 dias e nos não perdedores, de 54,9 dias. Todas as crianças foram tratadas com hidrocortisona e, nos casos com a forma perdedora de sal, associou-se fludrocortisona. Conclusões A incidência de HAC foi de 1 caso para 14.967 recém-nascidos vivos. A coleta da primeira amostra ainda ocorreu fora do tempo preconizado, acarretando atraso no início do tratamento.

Objective Evaluate the Neonatal Screening Program (NSP) for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) of the Department of Health of the State of Santa Catarina (Secretaria de Estado da Saúde de Santa Catarina, SES/SC), and provide information to improve the program. Subjects and methods Descriptive, retrospective study of 748,395 children screened between January 2001 and December 2010. We analyzed the coverage of the NSP-SES/SC prevalence of CAH, child’s age when the first sample for 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) measurement was collected, levels of 17OHP, mean age at treatment onset and main clinical manifestations. Results The NSP-SES/SC covered 89% of the live newborns in the State. It diagnosed 50 cases of CAH, yielding an incidence of 1:14,967. Mean age at collection of the first sample was 7.3 days and mean level of 17OHP was 152.9 ng/mL. The most frequent manifestations were virilized genitalia with nonpalpable gonads, clitoromegaly and genital hyperpigmentation. In three girls, the genre established at birth was incorrect. The salt-wasting form was present in 74% of the cases. There was no occurrence of shock or death. Mean age at treatment onset in the salt-wasting form was 17.4 days compared with 54.9 days in those without the salt-wasting form of the disease. All children were treated with hydrocortisone, and those with salt-wasting CAH were also treated with fludrocortisone. Conclusions The incidence of CAH was 1 case to 14,967 live newborns. Collection of the first sample occurred outside the recommended time, resulting in delays in treatment onset.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the early bone response to a nanotextured dental implant treated with sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), using a rabbit model. METHODS: Twelve animals were randomly divided into group 1 (Control) - machined implants and group 2 (Test) - nanotextured implants. Extra-oral incision was performed to provide access to intended surgical site where the dental implant was inserted immediately after the extraction of the mandibular first premolar. Implant surface characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy attached to energy dispersive spectroscopy and interferometry. Three weeks after surgery, the animals were induced to death and undecalcified sections of the samples were prepared for histological and histomorphometrical analysis. RESULTS: Surface characterization of the implant demonstrated enhanced surface area of anodized group compared to Control group with 19.2% ± 6.2 versus 1.6 ± 0.7, respectively. Histological evaluation demonstrated new bone formation starting from the buccal and lingual cortical walls on both groups. After three weeks, significant higher bone contact of 27% (p<0.05) was observed to nanotextured compared to machined implants (Control group). CONCLUSION: The anodization with sodium sulfate nanostructures to the implant surface that resulted in faster osseointegration.

PurposeTo investigate the use of ClinProt technique to identify cancer markers in plasma of patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).Materials and MethodsPlasma of 36 healthy subjects and 25 patients with penile carcinoma who underwent surgical treatment between June 2010 and June 2011 was collected and analyzed by the ClinProt/MALDI/ToF technique. Then the peptides were identified from the C8 MB eluted fraction of patients' and control subjects' plasma by LIFT MS/MS.ResultsA cluster of 2 peptides (A=m/z 1897.22 ± 9 Da and B=m/z 2021.99 ± 9 Da) was able to discriminate patients from control subjects. Cross validation analysis using the whole casuistic showed 62.5% and 86.76% sensitivity and specificity, respectively. The cluster also showed very high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (97%) for SCCP patients that died due to the disease. Furthermore, patients with lymph node involvement presented sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 97%, respectively. These two peptides were identified by the proteomic approach based on a MALDI-TOF/TOF as fragments of C3 (m/z 1896.17) and C4a/b (m/z 2021.26) complement proteins.ConclusionsThe results showed that as the disease progresses, the fragments C3 and C4 A/B are less expressed in comparison with healthy subjects. These results may be useful as prognostic tools.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar, em grandes defeitos da parede abdominal produzidos cirurgicamente em ratos, se uma prótese sintética de polipropileno sem tecelagem poderia ser utilizada como alternativa terapêutica às telas convencionais de polipropileno. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro ratos foram distribuídos em três grupos numericamente iguais. Grupo 1 (Simulação), no qual um defeito de 3 x 3 cm foi constituído na parede abdominal sem tratamento. Uma tela convencional de polipropileno e uma tela de polipropileno sem tecelagem foram colocadas para cobrir o defeito, nos grupos 2 e 3 , respectivamente. No 45º dia de pós-operatório foram avaliadas a área e a força das aderências, além da vascularização. Também foram analisados os preparados histológicos com Hematoxilina-eosina, Tricrômio de Masson e Picrosirius com polarização e birrefringência, além de efetuada análise estrutural da prótese mediante Termogavimetria e Colorimetria Exploratória Diferencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos 2 e 3. CONCLUSÃO: Em ratos, a tela de polipropileno sem tecelagem mostrou ser segura e deve ser considerada como uma alternativa à tela convencional manufaturada por tecelagem, no tratamento dos grandes defeitos da parede abdominal.

PURPOSE: To evaluate, in large abdominal wall defects surgically shaped in rats, if a synthetic polypropylene nonwoven prosthesis could be used as a therapeutic option to conventional polypropylene mesh. METHODS: Twenty four (24) Wistar rats were enrolled into three groups. Group 1 (Simulation group) with an abdominal wall defect of 3 X 3 left untreated and Groups 2 and 3, respectively treated with a conventional polypropylene mesh and a polypropylene nonwoven (NWV) prosthesis to cover the breach. At the 45th postoperatively day, adhesion (area and strength) and vascularization of Groups 2 and 3 were evaluated. The histological preparations with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Tricromium of Masson, Pricrosirius red and polarization with birefringence, and also the structural analysis of the prostheses carried on by Thermogravimetry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry were also assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the Groups 2 and 3. CONCLUSION: In rats, the polypropylene nonwoven prosthesis showed to be safe and has to be considered as an alternative to conventional mesh manufactured by weaving in the treatment of great defects of the abdominal wall.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar possíveis alterações nas proteínas de fase aguda em ovinos infectados experimentalmente com Trypanosoma vivax. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito ovinos machos, sendo quatro usados como controle e quatro infectados com 10(5) tripomastigotas de T. vivax. Colheram-se amostras de sangue em dois tempos antes da infecção e, posteriormente, aos 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a infecção (dpi); após centrifugação e aliquotização das amostras. As proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em gel de acrilamida, contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio, e suas concentrações foram determinadas através de densitometria computadorizada. A dosagem de proteína total foi realizada pelo método colorimétrico do biureto. A contagem dos tripanossomas foi realizada diariamente, utilizando-se uma alíquota de 5 µL de sangue disperso em lâmina de microscopia, sob lamínula de 22 × 22 mm, contando-se os parasitos em 100 campos microscópicos, com objetiva de 40×, multiplicados pelo fator de correção do microscópio, e o resultado expresso em parasitos por mL de sangue. Para a análise estatística, empregou-se o teste de Wilcoxon a 5% de probabilidade. Foi observada a diminuição de diversas proteínas de fase aguda e aumento de antitripsina e transferrina que podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar no diagnóstico da infecção por T. vivax, principalmente na fase crônica da infecção.

The present study aimed to assess potential changes in acute phase proteins in sheep experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax. There were studied eight male sheep, four used as controls and four infected with 10(5) T. vivax trypomastigotes. Blood samples were collected at two points times before infection and then at 5,7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days post-infection (dpi). Blood samples were centrifuged and allotted, and acute phase proteins were then separated by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel containing sodium dodecyl sulfate. Protein concentrations were determined by computer-assisted densitometry. Total protein was determined by colorimetric biuret method. Trypanosomes were counted daily using a 5 mL aliquot of blood smear on a glass slide under a 22 × 22 mm coverslip. Parasites were counted in 100 microscopic fields (40× magnification), and then multiplied by a correction factor. The results were expressed as parasites per mL of blood. For statistical analyses, we used the Wilcoxon test at 5% significance level. There was found a reduction in several acute phase proteins and increase in antitrypsin and transferrin. This finding can be used for the diagnosis of T. vivax infection, especially in chronic infection.

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o desempenho de sistema decanto-digestor com filtro biológico seguido por alagado construído e reator solar no tratamento de esgoto doméstico do assentamento rural Milagres em Apodi-RN. Nos meses de outubro e novembro de 2010 realizou-se o monitoramento do sistema 48 dias após o plantio do capim elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach). Foram coletadas amostras do esgoto doméstico nas distintas etapas de tratamento, em quatro repetições no tempo, para determinação de características físico-químicas e microbiológicas referentes ao desempenho do sistema. Os resultados indicaram que houve remoção significativa de turbidez, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Demanda Química de Oxigênio, sólidos totais, sólidos suspensos, fósforo e óleos e graxas com o uso sistema decanto-digestor com filtros biológicos seguidos de alagado construído e reator solar; a associação de radiação solar média de 28,73 MJ m-2 d-1, lâmina de 0,10 m de efluente no reator e tempo de exposição solar de 12 horas permitiu remoção de até 99,99% dos coliformes termotolerantes no esgoto doméstico em Apodi-RN; e o efluente tratado apresenta padrão microbiológico satisfatório às diretrizes brasileiras para uso agrícola com restrição.

This study aimed to analyze the performance of digester decant system with biological filter followed by constructed wetland and solar reactor in the treatment of domestic sewage from Milagres rural community in Apodi-RN. The treatment system was monitored for the period of October and November 2010, 48 days after planting Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. Samples of domestic sewage were collected at different stages of treatment, in four replications on time, to determine physicochemical and microbiological characteristics about the system performance. The results indicated significant removal of turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total solids, suspended solids, phosphorus and oil and grease using the set digester decant with biological filter, followed by constructed wetland and solar reactor; the association of average solar radiation of 28.73 MJ m-2 d-1, effluent depth of 0.10 m on reactor and time of sun exposure of 12 hours provided removal of fecal coliform up to 99.99% of domestic sewage in Apodi, RN, the treated effluent met microbiological standard of the Brazilian guidelines for agricultural use with restrictions.

OBJETIVO: Descreve-se a técnica de um novo um modelo de pseudoartrose em Rattus norvegicus albinus livre de espécies patogênicas (SPF). MÉTODOS: Os animais foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em dois Grupos: Grupo 1 - Controle (n =6), Grupo 2 - Experimental (n =6). No grupo Controle realizou-se um acesso ao fêmur, seguido da síntese por planos do músculo e da pele. O grupo Experimental foi submetido à osteotomia do fêmur aduzida da confecção de um retalho pediculado de fáscia lata para interposição entre os segmentos resultantes da fratura induzida cirurgicamente. Prosseguiu-se com o alinhamento e aproximação dos segmentos ósseos, mediante uso de fios de náilon introduzidos em orifícios efetuados na extremidade proximal e distal. RESULTADOS: Estudos radiológico e anatomopatológico evidenciaram a ausência de consolidação óssea com persistência de tecido fibro-osteóide decorridos 120 dias de evolução pós-operatória. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo experimental é adequado para a formação de pseudoartrose em ratos.

OBJECTIVE: We sought to describe a new model of pseudoarthrosis in rats free of pathogenic species (Rattus norvegicus albinus - SPF). METHODS: The animals were randomly distributed into two groups were used: Group 1 - Control (n =6); Group 2 - Experimental (n =6). In the Control group an access to the femur followed by the synthesis of the muscular and skin layers was done. The Experimental group was submitted to osteotomy of the femur and a pedicle flap of the fascia lata was interposed between the segments resulting from the surgically induced fracture. The procedure was carried on with both alignment and approximation of the fractured bone through the use of mononylon thread introduced into holes created in the proximal and distal. RESULTS: Radiological and anatomopathological studies showed the absence of bone consolidation with persistence of fibro-osteoid tissue up to 120 days of follow-up. CONCLUSION: The experimental model is suitable for the development of a pseudoarthrosis in rats.